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Dorothy Zbornak

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Betty White as Rose Nylund
 "It's like we say in St. Olaf, Christmas without fruitcake is like St. Sigmund's Day without the headless boy."

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“Shady Pines, Ma!”
— Dorothy's favorite threat quote against her mother when her mother tries to act brashly


Dorothy Zbornak-Hollingsworth (née Petrillo) is one of the four main characters on the 1985 NBC sitcom The Golden Girls, and its spin-off, The Golden Palace. A sardonic, introspective, compassionate, and protective substitute teacher, Dorothy moved to Miami, Florida, after her then-husband Stanley divorced her to run off with a stewardess. Along with her mother Sophia and her friend Rose, Dorothy rented a room in the Miami home of her friend Blanche Devereaux. Dorothy often acts as den mother and voice of reason among the quartet, though at times she also acted foolishly or negatively and would need her friends and family to help ground her again.

Dorothy appeared in all seven seasons of The Golden Girls, and appeared twice in the series' short-lived sequel, The Golden Palace. She was portrayed by the late veteran actress and Broadway stage actress, Beatrice Arthur.

Personality and Characteristics

Dorothy's character tends to be a strong-minded, compassionate, witty and introspective; and oftentimes sarcastic, fierce, and intimidating. Dorothy is also very intelligent, practical, no-nonsense and a known bookworm. Arguably, Dorothy is the most grounded out of the four girls in the house. Furthermore, she is incredibly protective of those she loves and cares for and those she considers family. Dorothy often was mocked by her two housemates, Rose and Blanche, as manly, strappy, tough, and a bit odd due to her stature of 5'10" and her deep voice. She can also be highly sarcastic and blunt, saying it for what it is as well as being rude and unreasonable at times, especially towards her less-sharp housemate, Rose. Her mother, Sophia, has a sneaky tendency to "borrow" money from Dorothy, with or without Dorothy's permission or awareness.

However, Dorothy is also in possession of many positive traits such as being a voice of reason to her housemates and her best friends, Rose and Blanche. Despite the ridicule, Dorothy regards the three other women to be family, comforting to them and often giving great and forward-thinking advice. She often acts as the bigger person in tough situations to straighten up Rose's and Blanche's small misfortunes and losses. Dorothy helps to ground Rose and Blanche during their difficulties, often calling out hypocrisy, cruelty, injustices, and such negative behaviors and acts from others against her best friends with her 'as-is' blunt remarks. Moreover, Dorothy also has quite some talents. In "Journey to the Center of Attention", she is able to upstage Blanche at the latter's favorite bar, The Rusty Anchor, by singing and thus winning the admiration of Blanche's many suitors.[1] At another point, remembering how funny Dorothy could be in high school, Dorothy attempts some stand-up comedy. In the end, Dorothy wins over her audience by poking fun at her own life and bringing such subjects up such as as menopause.

Dorothy is a relatively intelligent person, but her intelligence can lead her to be rude, inconsiderate, blunt, and sometimes foolish. Many times, her over-confidence and self-sabotaging mindset alienates herself from others. In "Dorothy's New Friend", she befriended a local author and novelist named Barbara Thorndike, and initially ignored Rose and Blanche after they told her that Barbara insulted them to their faces. However, Barbara revealed she is willing to accept an elite club's rules of no Jewish customers. Finding this out, Dorothy realized what a bad person Barbara was and, without blinking, ordered her to leave and never return before telling her to go to hell.[2] In the Season 7 episode "Questions and Answers", Dorothy studied extremely hard when the girls tried out for Jeopardy!, and Sophia warned Dorothy that she may be overdoing it. During the Jeopardy game, Dorothy has much confidence and does seemingly well within the handful of rounds. However, she does not advance to the next round. When Dorothy realized she would not be earning the prize money, and she studied all for nearly nothing, she breaks down and cries. Sophia comes to her rescue and reminds Dorothy that she can get over-confident, which is one of the biggest reasons as to why Dorothy didn't have many birthday parties growing up...and never went to birthday parties growing up.[3]

In spite of her strengths, Dorothy has several phobias including hospitals and flying. She eventually managed to conquer both her fears with the help of her best friends, Rose and Blanche. In keeping with the show's practice of raising social awareness, the two-part episode "Sick and Tired" involved Dorothy suffering from extreme exhaustion, which was ultimately determined to be Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.[4] Dorothy was also shown to have a recurring gambling problem that eventually caused her to seek help through Gamblers Anonymous. She started smoking cigarettes again after quitting many years earlier, because of stress from her mother's remarriage in "Sophia's Wedding, Part 1".[5] Presumably, Dorothy was able to kick the smoking habit, as she wasn't seen with a cigarette since.

While Dorothy has had a semi-active love life, her choices in men have not always been favorable. Her longest relationship was with her first husband, Stanley Zbornak, with whom she was with for a period of thirty-eight years following a shotgun wedding in their senior year of high-school. Stan repeatedly cheated on her throughout her marriage to him, including with a breakfast bar waitress, his own secretary, and finally an airline stewardess whom he left her for. In the series finale, Dorothy marries her second husband Lucas Hollingsworth, becoming the step-aunt of her friend Blanche, and moves out of the Miami house.[6]

Biography

Clinton Avenue Memoirs

“Sophia: You know why I call you pussycat, Pussycat?
Dorothy: Why, Ma? Because you only gave me yarn for Christmas? Because you fed me once and I hung around? Because you used to put me out at night?
Sophia: Because I love pussycats, and I love you.”
— Sophia telling Dorothy why she calls her "pussycat".

Dorothy is a first-generation American, born to Italian immigrants Sophia and Salvadore Petrillo. Sophia mentions Dorothy was conceived after her and Salvadore's first argument as newlyweds -- on July 31st, 1931 in Brooklyn, New York, right atop a pinochle table at McSoley's Bar[7] -- and she was born after twenty-three hours of labor.[8] She was born just minutes apart from Gina Bosco, which led to Gina's mother Philomena and Sophia becoming friends.[9]

SalDorothy

A young Dorothy with her father; "Clinton Avenue Memoirs" (1989)

Dorothy had two younger siblings: Phillip Petrillo, who was a blatant free-loader and spent a good deal of his time with an interest in cross-dressing, and Gloria Petrillo-Harker, who would marry into money and move with her wealthy husband to California. Dorothy mentioned she and Phil remained relatively close and maintained affection for one another well into their adulthood. They kept in touch possibly through phone calls. On the other hand, Dorothy and Gloria resented each other, with Gloria often believing Dorothy was the favorite child and Dorothy believing that Gloria was judgmental. Through a brief while, Dorothy and Gloria grew apart over the years and became estranged.

Growing up, Dorothy was quite the 'bookworm' and an over-achiever in high school. Sophia revealed that Dorothy's IQ stands well around 173, which is massively impressive and would rank Dorothy as possessing a genius-level intellect. However, Sophia acted a tad brashly and that IQ turned out to be a lie.[10] When Dorothy was five, her father took her to get her tonsils taken out and left her at the hospital because he needed to work to pay for the operation. This caused Dorothy to develop a fear of hospitals which persisted well into her golden years.[8] She would also torment her sister Gloria with scary bedtime stories, such as "Cannibal Parents".

When Dorothy was six, she begged her mother to get her a pony, but Sophia got her a paper bird from the circus instead. Sophia insisted that if Dorothy behaved well enough, God would turn the paper bird into a real bird. Dorothy took her at her word and kept at her best behavior, eventually becoming very attached to the paper bird. One morning, she woke up and found her paper bird had "died", as someone had used it to restart the pilot light.[11]

As a teenager, Dorothy suffered from quite extensively low self-esteem. In high school, she had an emotionally-abusive boyfriend whom she split from within a short while. Another boy, John Noretti, supposedly stood Dorothy up on the night of her high school prom, which lowered her self-esteem even further. However, Sophia turned John away at the door after seeing his complete lack of respect for himself and others -- showing up dressed like a "hood" and mouthing off to Sophia.[12] Due to her less than lackluster love life, Dorothy's trust in men began to dwindle. Her first true love, however, appeared in high school in the form of Barry Glick, a handsome young man whom Dorothy wanted to be her first time.[13]

Dorothy's exact graduation date isn't known. In "Till Death Do We Volley", it is said Dorothy attended her high school prom in 1946, though it is not mentioned if this was during her senior year or if she was younger (as some high schools have junior proms, junior/senior proms, and proms that allow anyone in high school to attend).[14] A later episode, "An Illegitimate Concern", implies her graduation date would have been 1949.[15]

Young dorothy

Young Dorothy, played by Lynnie Greene.

At seventeen,[16] Dorothy later accepted a date for the senior prom with Stanley Zbornak, because she felt as if she could not do any better. Dorothy had too much to drink at the senior prom, and later had sex with Stan in a Chevy at a drive-in movie. One of their dates, allegedly at Coney Island, resulted in Dorothy becoming pregnant with her daughter Kate.[17] The show says this conception happened while Dorothy was drunk, which Sophia blames on Stan's actions and peer pressure. Dorothy later claims she was unconscious and wonders if Stan "slipped" her something in her drink. In another episode, Dorothy recalls Stan guilting her into sex by claiming he was drafted to the military and could die in combat in Korea.

Upon learning she was pregnant, Dorothy feared she may be a single mother should Stan die in South Korea, and felt obligated to Stan being pregnant with his child. However, soon enough, Dorothy's father learned that Dorothy is pregnant and demanded Dorothy marry Stan as soon as possible. Dorothy tried to break things off with Stan before their wedding, but was unable to go through with it. One day, at Sophia's insistence, Dorothy went to a coffee shop to break up with Stan and found him necking with a waitress. Despite that, she was still unable to go through with it.[18] The first time Stan proposed to her, it was in a very expensive restaurant where he placed a ring in the champagne glass, which she unknowingly drank in a single gulp. Dorothy and Stan dropped out of high school just shy of their graduation, which resulted in a shotgun wedding. "An Illegitimate Concern", sets their wedding date on June 1st, 1949,[15] while "One for the Money" says the wedding occurred in May 1944,[19] though that doesn't align with Dorothy's age in Season 1 and other episodes indicating she was still in high school in 1945 and 1946. Years later, they had a son named Michael, whom Dorothy would occasionally clash with due to the boy's habit of avoiding responsibility and reluctance to plan ahead.

Moving to Miami

During their honeymoon to Miami, Florida, Dorothy and Stan bought property in the city and decided to move there.[20] Dorothy completed her high school education and attends college, majoring in American history. She befriended her college roommate, Jean, and when Jean realizes years afterward that she is a lesbian, Dorothy accepts her.[21] During this time, Dorothy also taught part-time at a school for the blind. She learned French and became a high school teacher, and later a substitute teacher, teaching mainly English and American History. Dorothy was a very dedicated and strong-willed teacher, earning the nickname "Attila The Sub" from some students. During this time, she becomes godmother to a friend's daughter, Jenny.

The Zbornak marriage involved many arguments and compromises, including years of struggle when Stan's business fails, but Dorothy later claims there were also many happy times together. Unknown to Dorothy until after their divorce, Stan would have numerous extramarital affairs with younger women, including his airheaded secretary and a waitress at a breakfast bar. Perhaps his most egregious affair was taking a woman to Las Vegas for several days and telling Dorothy that he was going to a chain link fence convention.[22] According to Dorothy, the last time Stan sent her roses was when Harry Truman left office in 1953.

At some point in her adult life, Dorothy developed a gambling addiction and spent hundreds upon hundreds of dollars at the racetrack, with her parents helpless to stop it. She ended up spending so much money that she had to borrow money from loan sharks, but was unable to pay it back. Now in peril of losing her house, Dorothy went to her parents, desperate for their help. Sal and Sophia ended up cashing out Sal's life insurance policy to help Dorothy pay back her debts, but Sophia refused to give Dorothy the money unless she went to Gambler's Anonymous.[23]

At some point before her divorce, Dorothy and Stan fell on hard times and had to go ask his mother Yolanda for a $500 loan. While Stan left to pretend to make a phone call, Yolanda gave Dorothy $1,000 cash under the condition that she never told Stan it came from her. Dorothy then learned that Stan's mother actually respected her, and was only pretending to hate her so Stan wouldn't hang around the house all the time.[24]

Some time after Dorothy's grandmother passed, Sal passed away as well. His exact date of and age at death are unknown, but he may have died from an illness as Sophia mentioned he was in a hospital the night he died.[25] The night he died, Sophia went looking for Dorothy and found her in the maternity ward looking at the babies.[25] Sometime after Sal passed away, Sophia suffered from a stroke that destroyed the part of her brain that censored what she said. Stanley convinced Dorothy to put Sophia in a retirement home called Shady Pines,

Thank You For Being a Friend

“Rose, he left me thirty-eight years later for a stewardess that he met on a business trip to Hawaii. It was her first flight. They said, ‘On arrival, give the passengers a lei.’ She got confused, he got lucky, and they now live on Maui.”
— Dorothy explaining her divorce to Rose, "The Engagement" (1985)[26]
1651508550150

Dorothy in the 1980s.

In 1983, Stan had a one-night stand with an airline stewardess named Chrissy while he was on a business trip to Maui, Hawaii. Stan chose to abandon Dorothy after thirty-eight years of marriage, and sent word of the divorce through a divorce lawyer rather than facing Dorothy himself. A furious Dorothy filed for divorce, and she and Stan were soon officially divorced -- after which, Dorothy's first post-divorce date was with the divorce lawyer.[27] Dorothy got the house and their children in the divorce proceedings, while Stan ended up making off with the Frank Sinatra tickets he'd bought Dorothy for her birthday that year.[28]

Dorothy eventually moved out of her house to rent a room in order to save money. She brought Sophia along to interview a room-for-rent ad placed by Blanche Devereaux, a wealthy widow from Atlanta, Georgia. Blanche accepted Dorothy's application, but didn't tell her that she had gotten a second roommate -- widowed St. Olafian Rose Nylund.[29]

In 1985, Sophia moved in with Dorothy after Shady Pines was destroyed in a fire.

Seasons Changing

In the episode "Foreign Exchange", a surprise visit from family friends Dominic and Philomena Bosco left Dorothy wondered whether she was truly her mother's daughter. The Boscos initially believed their daughter, Gina, may not be their biological daughter, and the hospital could have switched the babies by accident. As both Gina and Dorothy believe everything they worked through their lives may have been a lie, they decide to do a DNA test. Sophia begins to cry, terrified that she may have lived her whole life not knowing if Dorothy was truly her daughter. However, the results were positive, and everyone rejoices at the news that the babies were right where they belonged.[9]

Remarriage

In the series finale, Dorothy marries her second husband Lucas Hollingsworth, becoming the step-aunt of her friend Blanche, and moves out of the Miami house.[6] Dorothy also appeared in only two episodes of The Golden Girls short-lived sequel and successor, The Golden Palace.

Family

   
   
   
   
   
   
Mr. Petrillo †
   
   
Mrs. Petrillo †
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
Don Angelo
Grisanti, Sr. †
   
   
Eleanor †
   
   
Uncle
Nunzio †
   
   
Aunt
Teresa †
   
   
Aunt
Renata
   
   
Uncle
Bruno †
   
   
Uncle
Vito
   
   
Uncle
Gino †
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
Salvadore
Petrillo †
   
   
   
   
   
   
Sophia
Petrillo
   
   
Regina
Grisanti
   
   
Angela
Vecchio
   
   
Carmine
Vecchio †
   
   
Angelo
Grisanti, Jr.
   
   
Philomena
Grisanti †
   
   
Uncle
Mario †
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
Stanley
Zbornak
   
   
   
   
   
   
Dorothy
Zbornak
   
   
   
   
Gloria Harker
   
   
Mr. Harker
   
   
   
   
Phillip
Petrillo †
   
   
Angela
Petrillo
   
   
Cousin
Apollonia
   
   
Cousin
Graziella
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
Dennis
Griffiths
   
   
Kate
Griffiths
   
   
Michael
Zbornak
   
   
Lorraine
Wagner
   
   
Katherine
Harker
   
   
Jim
Harker
   
   
Harvey
Petrillo
   
   
Five sons
   
   
Four
daughters
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
Robby Zbornak

Career

For the most part, Dorothy worked as a high school substitute teacher, specifically in American History (which was her college major) as well as English. In "Yes, We Have No Havanas", she taught part-time for an night school course for adults wishing to complete their General Education Diploma (GED), which included Rose. It is learned Dorothy quit the night school as she found out none of the adult students really wanted to learn, save for Rose.[30]

Dorothy also became a landlady after her former uncle-in-law passed away and left his apartment building to Dorothy and Stan.[31] Dorothy also had some summer part-time jobs, included tutoring. She also did some acting at the local theater and even did a few attempted gigs of stand-up comedy.

  • Caterer: For a time, Sophia and her roommates ran a wedding planning business called Miami Moms Catering. However, they ended up losing out on a sizable amount of money after their first client decided to elope with her fiancé.[32]
  • Football Coach: For a brief time, both Rose and Dorothy attempted to coach a children's football team. However, Rose's overly-competitive nature led Dorothy to quit the team, as Rose and the kids cared more about winning than actually following the rules.[33]
  • Museum Attendant: Dorothy briefly worked alongside with Blanche at the art museum, which caused Blanche to become jealous of her after Dorothy appeared to have become the museum manager's favorite. In reality, their manager had trusted Dorothy to plan a surprise party for Blanche to thank her for all of the work she had put into the museum,
  • Stand-Up Comic
  • Tutor

Health

In "The Operation", Dorothy developed Morton's neuroma, and had to get an operation to heal her foot.[8]

In Season 5, Dorothy was diagnosed with chronic fatigue syndrome.

Quotes

“I taught a class today. The finest school in Dade County. Two girls had shaved heads and three boys had green hair.”
— Dorothy's first line in the series; "The Engagement" (1985)[34]
“Oh, shut up, Rose!”
— Dorothy's exasperated, often used reply to one of Rose Nylund's stories or ideas.
“Shady Pines, Ma.”
— Often used against her mother Sophia, when the latter gets on her nerves.
“I'm finished, but I'm not coming out because this is the most quiet I've had in months.”
— Dorothy talking to her mother as she fixes the sink; "Blanche and the Younger Man" (1985)[35]
“She does consider herself the Godfather; I'll just make her an offer she can't remember”
— Dorothy explaining to Blanche how she would get Sophia to her and Stan's second re-marriage with the airlines stewardess, Katherine O'Connor-Zbornak


Appearances

The Golden Girls (1985-1992)


Empty Nest (1988-1995)


The Golden Palace (1992-1993)


Casting and Development

“The first thing I noticed about The Golden Girls pilot was that it was a beautiful script. It had an extra character, a gay house man, who was very charming. But, they cut him by the very next episode. I don't think they had any idea that just the four of us would be so strong together. And we were lucky enough to have brilliant writers on the show and a fabulous director, Terry Hughes. It was a great combination of all elements.”
— Beatrice Arthur in an interview[36]
20425-151549

A still shot of Beatrice Arthur on the set of The Golden Girls.

In her show Elaine Stritch at Liberty, British actress Elaine Stritch claimed to have been considered for the role at one point but that she "blew her audition" by improvising colorful language and so was not cast as Dorothy. Stritch fit the "Bea Arthur type" description and had actually played a version of Arthur's character Maude in Nobody's Perfect, a British adaptation of Maude broadcast in 1980 by ITV. Following Stritch's auditions, others read for the role, but news of the series eventually made its way to Arthur herself: "This is so funny. My agent called me and said, 'What is this? I hear you're doing a new series... Something called Golden Girls.'" Bea Arthur and her agent investigated and discovered that several women had auditioned for a role described as "a Bea Arthur type" and it had led to a rumor that she was herself involved. At the time Arthur had taken a position as the spokeswoman for Shoppers Drug Mart, a Canadian drugstore chain (a role she would continue concurrently with her role as Dorothy). Arthur then requested to see the script, but still hesitated to join the cast after learning that the other two leads -- the sexually forward Blanche and the sheltered and sometimes naive Rose were to be respectively portrayed by Rue McClanahan, who had co-starred with her as Vivian Harmon on Maude, and Betty White, known for playing flirtatious, sexually liberated Sue Ann Nivens on The Mary Tyler Moore Show. Arthur believed the show was typecasting both of them, assuming that McClanahan was portraying Rose and White would portray Blanche.

0425-123816

Photograph of Dorothy.

The producers asked McClanahan to reach out to Arthur. When she did, Arthur said, "Rue, I'm not interested in playing Maude and Vivian Meet Sue Ann Nivens." McClanahan explained that while that had been the original idea, the plan had been changed; McClanahan would play Blanche and White would be playing Rose. Impressed that the producers were subverting expectations rather than typecasting, and after further discussion with McClanahan, Arthur agreed to play Dorothy Zbornak.

Arthur said that she was fortunate in being allowed to shape her characters in both Maude and The Golden Girls along with the writers. On July 7, 1995, on an episode of the British daytime talk show This Morning, she explained, "In both sitcoms that I did do, we were given... the opportunity of saying, 'No, I don't think I'd say that'... It was really give-and-take between the writers and actors... I was blessed that we had wonderful people."[37] Arthur considered Dorothy to be "the great leveler" and the "great balloon pricker," someone who openly defied and called out hypocrisy, injustice, cruelty, delusion, short-sighted remarks, and behavior she simply found dull, ill-considered, rude, or unreasonable.

Bea Arthur portrayed Dorothy in every episode of The Golden Girls, and also portrayed Dorothy's maternal grandmother Eleanor Grisanti in flashback in the episode "Mother's Day". In the same episode and others that involve flashbacks, a younger version of Dorothy was portrayed by Lynnie Green. In the Season 5 episode "Clinton Avenue Memoirs", Jandi Swanson portrayed Dorothy as a child in flashback. Arthur's departure from the show in the two-part Season 7 finale "One Flew Out of the Cuckoo's Nest" marked the end of the series as well.

Trivia

  • Dorothy's astrology sign is a Leo, as stated in "Stan Takes a Wife".[38]
  • In the 1,000th issue of Entertainment Weekly, Dorothy was selected as the grandma for Entertainment Weekly's Perfect TV Family.
  • According to Dorothy herself, she was the tallest baby in New York and had a rash on her head until she was two.[39]
  • Bea Arthur considered Dorothy to be the "great balloon pricker," someone who openly defied and called out hypocrisy, injustice, cruelty, delusion, short-sighted remarks, and behavior she simply found dull, ill-considered, rude, or unreasonable.
  • Dorothy was called "Pussycat" by her mother and "Spumoni Face" by her father. In "Mary Has a Little Lamb", it is revealed that children in Dorothy's childhood called her "Moose".[40]
  • Dorothy has a sock drawer full of retirement home brochures, which she reads when Sophia drives her crazy and she needs some "private time".

Site Navigation

V - E - H
The Golden Girls characters
Main Cast Blanche Devereaux • Dorothy Zbornak • Rose Nylund • Sophia Petrillo
Recurring Cast Miles Webber • Salvadore Petrillo • Stanley Zbornak
Family members Alma Lindstrom • Angelo Grisanti, Jr. • Angela Petrillo • Angela Vecchio • Aurora Devereaux • Bridget Nylund • Brother Martin • Charmaine Hollingsworth • Charles Nylund, Sr. • Clayton Hollingsworth • Curtis Hollingsworth • Don Angelo Grisanti, Sr. • Elizabeth Hollingsworth • Gloria Harker • Gunter Lindstrom • Holly Lindstrom • David Blackmore • Jamie Devereaux • Janet Blackmore • Jim Harker • Kate Griffiths • Lucas Hollingsworth • Lucy Warren • Michael Zbornak • Phillip Petrillo • Rebecca Devereaux • Theodore Hollingsworth • Virginia Warren

References

  1. ↑ The Golden Girls, Season 7, Episode 18, "Journey to the Center of Attention". Wooten, Jamie and Cherry, Marc (writers) & Passaris, Lex (director) (February 22nd, 1992)
  2. ↑ The Golden Girls, Season 3, Episode 15, "Dorothy's New Friend". Speer, Kathy and Grossman, Terry (writers) & Hughes, Terry (director) (January 16th, 1988)
  3. ↑ The Golden Girls, Season 7, Episode 16, "Questions and Answers". Berg, James and Harris, Susan (writers) & Drake, Jimy (director) (February 8th, 1992)
  4. ↑ The Golden Girls, Season 5, Episodes 1 and 2, "Sick and Tired". Harris, Susan (writer) & Hughes, Terry (director) (September 23rd, 1989)
  5. ↑ The Golden Girls, Season 4, Episode 6, "Sophia's Wedding (Part 1)". Weiss, Martin and Bruce, Robert (writers) & Hughes, Terry (director) (November 19th, 1990)
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 The Golden Girls, Season 7, Episodes 25 and 26, "One Flew Out of the Cuckoo's Nest". Seigel, Don and Perzigian, Jerry and Hurwitz, Mitchell (writers) & Drake, Jim (director) (May 9th, 1992)
  7. ↑ The Golden Girls, Season 3, Episode 5, "Nothing To Fear But Fear Itself". Lloyd, Christopher (writer) & Hughes, Terry (director) (October 24, 1987)
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 The Golden Girls, Season 1, Episode 18, “The Operation”. Hervey, Winifred (writer) & Hughes, Terry (director) (February 8th, 1986)
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 The Golden Girls, Season 4, Episode 24, "Foreign Exchange". Helberg, Harriet B. and Helberg, Sandy (writer) & Hughes, Terry (director) (May 6th, 1989)
  10. ↑ The Golden Girls, Season 6, Episode 20, "Even Grandmas Get the Blues". Parent, Gail and Vallely, Jim (writers) & Berlinger, Robert (director) (March 2nd, 1991)
  11. ↑ The Golden Girls, Season 6, Episode 11, "Stand By Your Man". Whedon, Tom (writer) & Diamond, Matthew (director) (December 1st, 1990)
  12. ↑ The Golden Girls, Season 6, Episode 22, "What a Difference a Date Makes". Cherry, Mark and Wooten, Jamie (writers) & Passaris, Lex (director) (March 23rd, 1991)
  13. ↑ The Golden Girls, Season 1, Episode 22, "Job Hunting". Speer, Kathy and Grossman, Terry (writers) & Bogart, Paul (director) (March 8th, 1986)
  14. ↑ The Golden Girls, Season 4, Episode 19, "Till Death Do We Volley". Vaczy, Richard and Gamble, Tracy (writers) & Hughes, Terry (director) (March 18th, 1989)
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 The Golden Girls, Season 5, Episode 18, "An Illegitimate Concern". Cherry, Marc and Wooten, Jamie (writers) & Hughes, Terry (director) (February 12th, 1990)
  16. ↑ The Golden Girls, Season 7, Episode 6, “Mother Load”. Perzigian, Jerry and Seigel, Don (writers) & Passaris, Lex (director) (October 26th, 1991)
  17. ↑ The Golden Girls, Season 3, Episode 8, “Brotherly Love”. Ferro, Jeffery and Weiss, Fredric (writers) & Hughes, Terry (director) (November 14th, 1987)
  18. ↑ The Golden Girls, Season 3, Episode 9, “A Visit from Little Sven”. Nichols, David (writer) & Hughes, Terry (director) (November 21st, 1987)
  19. ↑ The Golden Girls, Season 3, Episode 2, "One for the Money". Speer, Kathy; Grossman, Terry; Fanaro, Barry; Nathan, Mort and Hervey, Winifred (writers) & Hughes, Terry (director) (September 26, 1987)
  20. ↑ The Golden Girls, Season 1, Episode 11, "The Return of Dorothy's Ex". Grossman, Terry and Speer, Kathy (writers) & Drake, Jim (director) (November 30th, 1985)
  21. ↑ The Golden Girls, Season 2, Episode 5, "Isn't It Romantic". Duteil, Jeffery (writer) & Hughes, Terry (director) (November 8th, 1986)
  22. ↑ The Golden Girls, Season 2, Episode 13, "The Stan Who Came to Dinner". Speer, Kathy and Grossman, Terry (writers) & Hughes, Terry (director) (January 10th, 1987)
  23. ↑ The Golden Girls, Season 5, Episode 24, "All Bets Are Off". Stein, Eugene B. (writer) and Hughes, Terry (director) (April 28th, 1990)
  24. ↑ The Golden Girls, Season 3, Episode 25, "Mother's Day". Lloyd, Christopher (writer) & Hughes, Terry (director) (May 7th, 1988)
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 The Golden Girls, Season 7, Episode 24, “Home Again, Rose, Part 2”. Vallely, Jim (writer) & Beyt, Peter D. (director) (May 2nd, 1992)
  26. ↑ The Golden Girls, Season 1, Episode 1, "The Engagement". Harris, Susan (writer) & Sandrich, Jay (director) (September 14th, 1985)
  27. ↑ The Golden Girls, Season 1, Episode 3, "Rose the Prude". Fanaro, Barry and Nathan, Mort (writers) & Drake, Jim (director) (September 28th, 1985)
  28. ↑ The Golden Girls, Season 1, Episode 20, “Adult Education”. Berg, James and Zimmerman, Stan (writers) & Shea, Jack (director) (February 22nd, 1986)
  29. ↑ The Golden Girls, Season 1, Episode 25, "The Way We Met". Speer, Kathy and Grossman, Terry (writers) & Hughes, Terry (director) (May 10th, 1986)
  30. ↑ The Golden Girls, Season 4, Episode 1, "Yes, We Have No Havanas". Fanaro, Barry and Nathan, Mort (writers) & Hughes, Terry (director) (October 8th, 1988)
  31. ↑ The Golden Girls, Season 6, Episode 23, “Love for Sale”. Perzigian, Jerry and Seigel, Don (writers) & Beyt, Peter D. (director) (April 6th, 1991)
  32. ↑ The Golden Girls, Season 3, Episode 2, "One for the Money". Fanaro, Barry; Grossman, Terry; Hervey, Winifred; Nathan, Mort and Speer, Kathy (writers) & Hughes, Terry (director) (September 26th, 1987)
  33. ↑ The Golden Girls, Season 4, Episode 12, “Blind Date”. Lloyd, Christopher (writer) & Hughes, Terry (director) (January 28th, 1989)
  34. ↑ The Golden Girls, Season 1, Episode 1, "The Engagement". Harris, Susan (writer) & Sandrich, Jay (director) (September 14th, 1985)
  35. ↑ The Golden Girls, Season 1, Episode 9, "Blanche and the Younger Man". Berg, James and Zimmerman, Stan (writers) & Drake, Jim (director) (November 16th, 1985)
  36. ↑ Colucci, Jim. Golden Girls Forever: An Unauthorized Look Behind the Lanai. Harper Collins Publishers Design, 2016.
  37. ↑ Farrell, Kelly; O'Connor, Anne Marie; Powell, Joanna. The Golden Girls: Special Collector's Edition, The Enduring Legacy of the Show that Won Our Hearts with Laughter. 2018.
  38. ↑ The Golden Girls, Season 4, Episode 10, "Stan Takes A Wife". Hervey-Stallworth, Winifred (writer) & Hughes, Terry (director) (January 7th, 1989)
  39. ↑ The Golden Girls, Season 2, Episode 12, "The Sisters". Lloyd, Christopher (writer) & Hughes, Terry (director) (January 3rd, 1987)
  40. ↑ The Golden Girls, Season 5, Episode 13, "Mary Has A Little Lamb". Aptor, Harold (writer) & Hughes, Terry (director) (January 6th, 1990)
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